TAMU Engineering News: “Taking student research from the lab to the global stage”

April 30, 2026ย Byย Maddi Busby,ย College of Engineering (original posting of this article)

Pepito Thelly, former student Amira Bushagour and Dr. Astrid Layton at the Design Theory Special Interest Group meeting in Paris. Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Astrid Layton

Dr. Astrid Laytonย has seen firsthand how quickly research can become isolating for students โ€” hours spent troubleshooting, refining and questioning what isnโ€™t working. Through the Donna Walker Faculty Fellowship, she is improving that experience by giving students the opportunity to step outside the lab and share their work with the broader research community.

In the J. Mike Walker โ€™66 Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University, Layton uses the fellowship to support both undergraduate and graduate students in herย Bio-Inspired Systems Lab, funding travel to conferences to present their research, build networks and gain new perspectives. The flexible funding allows her to prioritize opportunities that might otherwise be out of reach.

โ€œI think itโ€™s really important for students to practice talking about their research within the broader community,โ€ Layton said. โ€œThey can get stuck focusing on what isnโ€™t working. Conferences give them a chance to focus on what theyโ€™ve accomplished and where their work can go next.โ€

For Pepito Thelly, a doctoral student in Laytonโ€™s lab, that opportunity became a reality when he traveled to Paris to attend the Design Theory Special Interest Group, where he presented his research on an international stage.

โ€œPresenting our work at an international level is something I never imagined Iโ€™d be able to do during my Ph.D.,โ€ Thelly said. โ€œI am incredibly grateful for both the opportunity and the support that made it possible.โ€

The conference experience extended beyond presenting research. For Thelly, one of the most valuable takeaways was the exposure to new ways of thinking.

โ€œThe most impactful part was hearing perspectives from people outside my immediate bubble,โ€ he said. โ€œWhen we get so focused on our work, itโ€™s easy to lose sight of alternative viewpoints. That friction is where a lot of creativity comes from.โ€

Layton emphasized that these moments are exactly why she prioritizes sending students to conferences. In addition to strengthening communication skills, the experience often reshapes how students view their work and their potential.

โ€œIt gives them this confidence,โ€ she said. โ€œThey come back with new ideas, new energy and a better sense of how their research connects to a larger community.โ€

For Thelly, the experience also prompted a shift in how he thinks about his future.

โ€œIt gave me more perspective,โ€ he said. โ€œWe all have a lot of potential, but we often limit ourselves based on what we think is realistic. Stepping outside the day-to-day helped me reset that mindset and reevaluate my goals.โ€

The fellowshipโ€™s impact extends beyond individual experiences. Because the funding is not tied to a specific grant, Layton can support early-stage projects, fund student researchers and create opportunities for undergraduates who might not otherwise have access to this level of engagement.

That flexibility is increasingly important as travel costs and funding limitations continue to rise. Without it, Layton said, many of these experiences would not happen.

โ€œThereโ€™s no replacement for being in those environments,โ€ she said. โ€œThatโ€™s where collaborations start, where students meet people they might work with in the future, and where new ideas take shape.โ€

For students like Thelly, those opportunities offer more than just academic growth; they provide a broader view of what is possible.

โ€œIt made me appreciate how much exciting work is being done,โ€ he said. โ€œA lot of ideas that once felt abstract are now becoming possible and seeing that firsthand was really motivating.โ€

Through the Donna Walker Faculty Fellowship, Layton is not only supporting student research โ€” she is helping shape more confident, connected and forward-thinking engineers, reinforcing Texas A&M Engineeringโ€™s commitment to hands-on learning and real-world impact.

Walk Like an Engineer

Feb. 15, March 22, and April 19 Lick Creek Park, College Station, Texas

The BiSSL group will be hosting a Walk Like an Engineer program with College Station, TX local Lick Creek Park and Gary Halter Nature Center. The events combine learning about the local nature and engineering design, introducing the concept of bio-inspired engineering design. Each day focuses on a different topic including nature’s communities, communication in nature, and nature’s homes. The Spring 2026 events are designed for kids ages 7-12 to attend with their parents. The event is partially funded and designed in conjunction with a grant supported by the National Science Foundation.

Find out more here.

New Systems Engineering Journal Publication

A new open access publication is out in the Wiley and INCOSE journal Systems Engineering from BiSSL in collaboration with Dr. Julie Linsey at Georgia Institute of Technology! The article, co-authored by Samuel Blair, Garrett Hairston, Claire Kaat, and Henry Banks and titled “Bio-inspired human network diagnostics: Ecological modularity and nestedness as quantitative indicators of human engineered network function,” investigates the use of modularity and nestedness, 2 analyses that are traditionally used in ecology to study interaction patterns in mutualistic networks (ex. plant-pollinator networks), for human-engineered interaction networks. The paper uses two university engineering makerspaces, modeled as student-tool interaction networks, as case studies to highlight the ability of the approaches to quantitatively monitor the interaction patterns over time and even capture network disturbances (in the case study COVID-19 occurred over the course of data collection).

Abstract:

Analyzing interactions between actors from a systems perspective yields valuable information about the overall system’s form and function. When this is coupled with ecological modeling and analysis techniques, biological inspiration can also be applied to these systems. The diagnostic value of three metrics frequently used to study mutualistic biological ecosystems (nestedness, modularity, and connectance) is shown here using academic engineering makerspaces. Engineering students get hands-on usage experience with tools for personal, class, and competition-based projects in these spaces. COVID-19 provides a unique study of university makerspaces, enabling the analysis of makerspace health through the known disturbance and resultant regulatory changes (implementation and return to normal operations). Nestedness, modularity, and connectance are shown to provide information on space functioning in a way that enables them to serve as heuristic diagnostics tools for system conditions. The makerspaces at two large R1 universities are analyzed across multiple semesters by modeling them as bipartite student-tool interaction networks. The results visualize the predictive ability of these metrics, finding that the makerspaces tended to be structurally nested in any one semester, however when compared to a โ€œnormalโ€ semester the restrictions are reflected via a higher modularity. The makerspace network case studies provide insight into the use and value of quantitative ecosystem structure and function indicators for monitoring similar human-engineered interaction networks that are normally only tracked qualitatively.

Blair S, Hairston G, Banks H, Kaat C, Linsey J, Layton A. Bio-inspired human network diagnostics: Ecological modularity and nestedness as quantitative indicators of human engineered network function. Systems Engineering. 2024; 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21756

TAMU Engineering News: “Researcher Receives Prestigious National Science Foundation Early Career Honor”

March 4, 2024ย By Maddi Busby (original posting of article)

Dr. Astrid Layton, assistant professor in the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Donna Walker Faculty Fellow, received an esteemed Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) award from the National Science Foundation. The CAREER Award stands as one of the NSFโ€™s highest honors, supporting early-career faculty in becoming exemplary academic leaders.

The accolade recognizes Layton’s scholarly contributions and underscores her research’s pivotal role in achieving resilience and sustainability in engineering. Layton is poised to transform engineering system design by drawing inspiration from the resilience and sustainability inherent in nature.

Resilience, the ability to withstand and recover from disruptions, is paramount for engineering systems, yet there are few methods for integrating resilience into the early phases of design. Layton’s research leverages insights from biological ecosystems so that engineers have quantitative tools for enhancing resilience when confronted with limited information.

โ€œI envision a future where engineers donโ€™t have to choose between settling for something thatโ€™s sustainable or resilient. This grant supports my career goal to learn, evaluate and adapt the complexity and interconnectedness of biological systems to engineering design for both sustainability and resilience,โ€ said Layton.

“This grant supports my career goal to learn, evaluate and adapt the complexity and interconnectedness of biological systems to engineering design for both sustainability and resilience.”

Dr. Astrid Layton

Drawing from principles of engineering design, biological ecosystems, and ecological network analysis, Layton’s interdisciplinary approach promises to revolutionize system design by infusing it with findings from nature. The project will examine biological ecosystem traits to clarify when and how their effectiveness helps system designers improve a systemโ€™s ability to survive, respond, and recover, highlighting both targeted and random disturbance situations.

The future impact on critical infrastructure systems that underpin society’s essential services, such as water supply, power distribution, and pharmaceutical-type supply chains, is of particular significance. By drawing insights from resilient biological ecosystems, the project seeks to furnish designers with practical tools to effectively use resources, mitigate vulnerabilities, and fortify system robustness.

Layton’s project also includes a visionary “Walk Like an Engineer” program that engages participants in engineering design within natural settings. The program equips a future workforce with the intuition to tackle complex challenges by fostering interdisciplinary communication skills and an early interest in engineering design.

โ€œEngineering from the perspective of nature โ€” something that all human beings are inherently familiar with โ€” draws interest from a diverse group of people,โ€ said Layton. โ€œThis grant takes advantage of that to support a long-term career goal of mine to foster excitement and feelings of inclusion in engineering via bio-inspired design through the โ€œWalk Like an Engineerโ€ program that partners with our local nature center. These engineering and nature scavenger hunts will encourage participants to see themselves as design engineers learning from nature.โ€

Dr. Astrid Layton selected for an NSF CAREER Award

The 5-year long award is for the grant titled “CAREER: Resilient Engineering Systems Design Via Early-Stage Bio-Inspiration.” NSF CAREER Awards, part of the NSF Faculty Early Career Development Program, are the most prestigious awards in support of early-career faculty who have the potential to serve as academic role models in research and education and to lead advances in the mission of their department or organization. Read more here.

Resilience is critical for engineering systems, but comprehensive methods and widely accepted guidelines tailored specifically for incorporating resilience in the early stages of system design are lacking. This Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) award supports research which aims to address these gaps by working at the intersection of bio-inspired design, systems engineering, and engineering design to establish quantitative tools for addressing system resilience when minimal information is available. Biological ecosystem characteristics will be investigated for their ability to guide system designers in the early design stages towards better response and recovery, including situations involving targeted and/or random disturbances. Ultimately, the project will develop knowledge and methods to ensure that human systems can withstand disturbances – especially important for the critical infrastructure systems that supply our water, power, or medicines – by safeguarding against potential failures and costly downtime. Collaborative feedback from ecologists, industry, and academic experts will ensure that the interdisciplinary work maintains each domainโ€™s critical features. Additional deliverables from this project include a โ€œWalk Like an Engineerโ€ program, which engages participants of all ages and abilities in engineering inspiration scavenger hunts through local parks, led by both a bio-inspired engineering design expert and a Nature Center host. The themed nature walks, which will focus on topics such as โ€œNatureโ€™s Systemsโ€ and โ€œNatureโ€™s Resilienceโ€, will encourage participants to see themselves as design engineers learning from nature. The program will advance the United States future workforce by nurturing interdisciplinary communication skills and early interest and excitement in STEM-based design, while also teaching the public about nature and engineering in a connected manner.

This project supports the long-term goal of enhancing the early integration of resilience into the system design process, allowing designers to make proactive choices to create more sustainable and resilient systems that can withstand disruptions and recover effectively. The research objectives of this project are to provide quantitative tools for assessment of biological inspiration in engineering system design, extend the use of effective bio-inspiration into system recovery, and formulate practical design tools for achieving system resilience from biological ecosystem principles found to be effective. Ecological Network Analysis will provide a quantitative method for extracting desirable traits from resilient biological ecosystems (e.g., food webs) and applying them to human engineered systems. Of interest is how these traits can improve a systemโ€™s robustness and recovery, which will be tested using a variety of case study types and criticality levels, including supply chains, water distribution networks, power grids, and industrial resource networks. The most beneficial biological systems traits will be further investigated to generate fundamental engineering principles, such as the impact of topology versus weights on natureโ€™s systems characteristics. A study of targeted versus random disturbances will provide additional insight into where these biological systems characteristics have the most value for engineering designers seeking system-level resilience. The projectโ€™s research objectives are integrated and enhanced by the projectโ€™s educational objectives: to create and foster engineering excitement before students typically self-exclude from STEM; teach the public about how nature and engineering can be connected; and create STEM access for and inclusion of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Evaluation of the educational outreach activities will also provide important documentation for the use of nature to increase interest in engineering at all ages, as well as in underrepresented and underserved groups.

More information can be found here: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2340170&HistoricalAwards=false

Two New BiSSL Papers Published

Two journal papers related to the use of bio-inspired system design approaches for cyber-physical systems from the BiSSL group have recently been accepted for publication! The 1st stems directly from a current ongoing grant with Sandia National Labs with BiSSL Ph.D. student Emily Payne as co-author and the 2nd is a culmination of multiple collaborations across mechanical and electrical engineering at Texas A&M and is led by former BiSSL Ph.D. student Abheek Chatterjee, now a post-doc at NIST.

Abstract: Cyber-physical systems have behavior that crosses domain boundaries during events such as planned operational changes and malicious disturbances. Traditionally, the cyber and physical systems are monitored separately and use very different toolsets and analysis paradigms. The security and privacy of these cyber-physical systems requires improved understanding of the combined cyber-physical system behavior and methods for holistic analysis. Therefore, we propose leveraging clustering techniques on cyber-physical data from smart grid systems to analyze differences and similarities in behavior during cyber-, physical-, and cyberphysical disturbances. Since clustering methods are commonly used in data science to examine statistical similarities in order to sort large datasets, these algorithms can assist in identifying useful relationships in cyber-physical systems. Through this analysis, deeper insights can be shared with decision-makers on what cyber and physical components are strongly or weakly linked, what cyber-physical pathways are most traversed, and the criticality of certain cyber-physical nodes or edges. This paper presents several types of clustering methods for cyber-physical graphs of smart grid systems and their application in assessing different types of disturbances for informing cyber-physical situational awareness. The collection of these clustering techniques provide a foundational basis for cyber-physical graph interdependency analysis.

Jacobs, N., S. Hossain-McKenzie, S. Sun, E. Payne, A. Summers, L. Al Homoud, A. Layton, K. Davis, and C. Goes. (2024) โ€œLeveraging Clustering Techniques for Cyber-Physical System Analysis to Enhance Disturbance Characterization.โ€ The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications.

Abstract: The design of resilient infrastructure is a critical engineering challenge for the smooth functioning of society. These networks are best described as Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS): integration of independent constituent systems, connected by physical and cyber interactions, to achieve novel capabilities. Bio-inspired design, using a framework called the Ecological Network Analysis (ENA), has been shown to be a promising solution for improving the resilience of engineering networks. However, the existing ENA framework can only account for one type of flow in a network. Thus, it is not yet applicable for the evaluation of CPSoS. The present work addresses this limitation by proposing a novel multigraph model of CPSoS, along with guidelines and modified metrics that enable ENA evaluation of the overall (cyber and physical) network organization of the CPSoS. The application of the extended framework is demonstrated using an energy infrastructure case study. This research lays the critical groundwork for investigating the design of resilient CPSoS using biological ecosystems inspiration.

Chatterjee, A., H. Huang, R. Malak, K. Davis, and A. Layton. (2024) โ€œExtending Ecological Network Analysis to Design Resilient Cyber-Physical System of Systems.โ€ IEEE Open Journal of Systems Engineering.

Sandia National Lab Visit

Ph.D. student Emily Payne and Dr. Astrid Layton joined collaborators Dr. Kate Davis and her Ph.D. students Leen and Akram for a visit to Sandia National Lab in Albuquerque, NM. The trip was part of an ongoing collaborative LDRD grant with Sandia looking at cyber-physical power systems for resilience. The trip even evolved some exploring Petroglyph National Monument!

The BiSSL group joins 1 of 16 teams that have been selected for NSFโ€™s Convergence Accelerator Grant

NSFโ€™s Convergence Accelerator is developing use-inspired solutions to address challenges aligned to the manufacturing, reuse and recycling of critical materials and products. The BiSSL group joins one of sixteen teams that have been selected for the programโ€™s Track I: Sustainable Materials for Global Challenges.

The project is titled:ย Toward Water Circularity: Mining Green Hydrogen and Value-Added Materials from Hypersaline Brines, and is led by Oregon State University. The team is made up of: Dr.ย Zhenxingย Fengย (PI), Dr.ย Alexย Changย (Co-PI), Dr.ย Astridย Laytonย (Co-PI), and Dr.ย Kelseyย Stoerzingerย (Co-PI). Feng, Chang, and Stoerzinger are all at Oregon State University in the Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering.

ABSTRACT. This track I NSFโ€™s Convergence Accelerator aims to converge advances in fundamental materials science with innovative design and manufacturing methods to couple their end-use and full life-cycle considerations for environmentally- and economically sustainable materials and products. Guided by this principle and motivated by the global goal of Net-Zero Emissions by 2050, this project focuses on demonstration of a sustainable production and manufacturing process for large-scale hydrogen deployment and critical materials mining from earthโ€™s abundant hypersaline brines (e.g., seawater). Hydrogen is a green fuel that can help accelerate decarbonization processes, and materials such as Lithium and Rare Earth elements that are critical to U.S. supply chain independence. This project emphasizes transformation from a linear to a circular economy; it enables a convergent, innovative team of universities, industry partners, government agencies, and students/trainees to ensure that the knowledge developed transitions effectively into many aspects of practice. The proposed circular use of water for fuel by renewable energy and extraction of critical materials for renewable energy production has broad societal impacts for a sustainable future. This project integrates multidisciplinary thinking into the undergraduate and K-12 curriculum, producing future engineers and scientists with skills and interests to work on multidisciplinary problems. This research supports and benefits the local community, such as the Oregon Coastโ€™s Blue Sector Partnership Network consisting of partners from workforce development, school districts (CTE), industry, government, research, maritime, municipalities, and blue technology.

This proposal aims to demonstrate the sustainable mining of green hydrogen in parallel with value-added critical elements from hypersaline brines (e.g., seawater) for clean energy applications. Motivated by the global goal of Net-Zero Emissions by 2050, circular economy principles guide our development of sustainable processes for materials/fuels production, utilization, and recycling. Seawater represents the most abundant resource on the earth, with immense surface accessibility and large amounts of solubilized elements imperative for clean energy technologies. Seawater can also be split using renewable energy (e.g., solar) to obtain hydrogen fuel, with benign oxygen gas as a byproduct. Hydrogen presents a zero-emission fuel (producing water in a fuel cell), part of a circular sustainable process. Developing an integrated solution for extracting hydrogen and critical elements from seawater requires a multidisciplinary team from universities, industry partners, government agencies, and students/trainees. With our patented technologies and research results in critical areas, we aim to integrate multidisciplinary knowledge, tools, and modes of thinking under the guidance of circular economy principles to accelerate and converge our research to two integrated prototypes: a mineral-water separation reactor and downstream electrolyzer (producing hydrogen from the reduced-saline effluent). In addition to this prototyping, we will also identify in Phase 1 additional areas of expertise through team activities to prepare our Phase 2 project. In parallel, we will engage local stakeholders (focused on the Oregon Coast with our local expertise) and create training programs to educate next-generation workforces with innovative circular concepts in both Phases.https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2236036&HistoricalAwards=false